Интегративная стоматология и челюстно-лицевая хирургия 5-jild 2-son (2026) · 83-89-betlar
Clinical and pathogenetic aspects of dental caries prevention in children with Down syndrome: an analytical review
Махсумова И.Ш., Исламова Д.А.
Annotatsiya
Down syndrome is a genetically determined condition caused by a quantitative chromosomal abnormality and is characterized by complex morphological, metabolic, and functional alterations affecting multiple organs and systems. A constellation of somatic features, including immune dysfunction, endocrine imbalance, impaired neuromuscular regulation, and specific craniofacial characteristics, directly influences the development and dynamics of a child’s oral health status. Maxillofacial anomalies, masticatory muscle hypotonia, macroglossia, delayed tooth eruption, and structural enamel defects create distinct conditions for the interaction of cariogenic factors within the oral cavity.Although published data demonstrate variability in caries prevalence among children with Down syndrome, this population is considered clinically significant in terms of dental risk assessment. The heterogeneity of epidemiological findings may be attributed to differences in observation settings, family oral health literacy, accessibility of dental care, and diagnostic criteria. Meanwhile, pathogenetic determinants—such as enamel mineralization patterns, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of saliva, the microbiological profile of dental biofilm, and behavioral limitations—form a multifactorial model underlying caries development.This analytical review systematizes current scientific evidence regarding the mechanisms of hard tissue demineralization in children with Down syndrome, taking into account biochemical, immunological, and behavioral determinants. Data concerning salivary secretion, buffering capacity, and local immune defense activity are examined, along with the contribution of dietary habits and cognitive factors to the maintenance of a cariogenic environment. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between impaired neuromotor coordination and the effectiveness of individual oral hygiene practices.Contemporary preventive strategies are summarized, including controlled fluoride therapy, the use of calcium-phosphate and hydroxyapatite-based remineralizing agents, fissure sealing of permanent molars, professional monitoring of initial demineralization lesions, and organizational and educational family-centered support models. The importance of early initiation of preventive measures and individualized programs tailored to the child’s clinical profile is emphasized.Thus, a comprehensive clinical and pathogenetic analysis enables the formulation of a scientifically grounded concept for caries prevention in children with Down syndrome, aimed at enhancing enamel resistance, stabilizing the oral microbial ecosystem, and developing sustainable oral hygiene skills through active collaboration between families and healthcare professionals.
Down syndrome, dental caries, enamel demineralization, oral health status, saliva, immunological factors, prevention, children, remineralization therapyсиндром Дауна, кариес зубов, деминерализация эмали, стоматологический статус, слюна, иммунологические факторы, профилактика, дети, реминерализующая терапия
Metadata manbasi: jurnal OAI-PMH arxivi · Sindex toʻliq matnni saqlamaydi, manbaga havola beradi.