Ma’mun Science 4-том 7-нөмір (2026)
FOREIGN POLITICAL RELATIONS OF THE KHIVA KHANATE DURING THE QONGRAT DYNASTY: FORMATION, MAIN DIRECTIONS, AND HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Бердиев Абдували Абдуганиевич
Аңдатпа
This article analyzes the external diplomatic and trade relations of the Khiva Khanate during the second half of the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries on the basis of historical sources. The study examines the diplomatic contacts and trade relations of the khanate with the Bukhara and Kokand Khanates, as well as with Iran, India, Afghanistan, and Russia. Particular attention is given to embassy missions, caravan trade connections, and various forms of interstate interactions. The article also highlights the role of the Khiva Khanate within the system of regional and international relations, emphasizing the importance of diplomatic and trade ties in the socio-economic development of the state. In addition, the study reviews the existing historiography and the scholarly interpretations related to the topic, allowing an assessment of the current level of research. The findings demonstrate that the external relations of the Khiva Khanate with neighboring and distant states constituted a significant factor in shaping its political position and economic activity within Central Asia.
Khiva Khanate, foreign policy, diplomatic relations, diplomatic missions, caravan trade, international trade routes, Russian Empire, Central Asian diplomacyХивинское ханство, внешняя политика, дипломатические отношения, посольские миссии, караванная торговля, международные торговые пути, Российская империя, дипломатия Центральной АзииXiva xonligi, tashqi siyosat, diplomatik aloqalar, elchilik missiyalari, karvon savdosi, xalqaro savdo yo‘llari, Rossiya imperiyasi, Markaziy Osiyo diplomatiyasi
Метадеректер дереккөзі: журналдың OAI-PMH архиві · Sindex толық мәтінді сақтамайды, дереккөзге сілтеме береді.