Товарлар кимёси ва халқ табобати Volume 5 Issue 1 (2026) · pp. 16-34
LASER TREATMENT OF COTTON SEEDS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON OPTICAL ACTIVATION
Askarov, Ibragim R., Abdurahmonov, Shuhrat K., Abdulloev, Obidjon Sh.
Abstract
This literature review consistently analyzes scientific studies on pretreatment of cotton seeds with laser light (optical preactivation). In cotton, uniform and rapid emergence of seedlings (uniform field coverage), early development and final yield largely depend on the physiological state of the seed, storage conditions and stress factors at the time of sowing. Laser irradiation is considered a physical method that produces less waste than chemical seed treatment, and is rapidly automated. The review summarizes the main optical treatments for seeds (blue-spectrum diode laser, various light-emitting diodes, ultraviolet treatments) and their associated mechanistic explanations (activation of photoreceptors, balance of reactive oxygen species, membrane permeability and mobilization of reserve substances). Based on spectroscopic evidence, the nonlinear response of laser dose to “hormesis” is highlighted as a persistent problem: a tendency to stimulate at low doses and inhibit at higher doses. The strengths and weaknesses of the available evidence—experimental design, repeatability, seed lot (lot) variation, external validity in field conditions, parameter standardization, and engineering limitations in transferring the technology to industrial scale—are also critically assessed. Finally, specific research gaps on the topic are identified and a practical agenda for future research is proposed, including a minimum reporting standard, dose–response optimization, and multisite field trials.
cotton seedslaser irradiationoptical pre-activationphotobiomodulationenergy densityсемена хлопчатникалазерное облучениеоптическая предпосевная активацияфотобиомодуляцияплотность энергии
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