Интегративная стоматология и челюстно-лицевая хирургия Volume 4 Issue 3-4 (2025) · pp. 121-127
Influence of Gastrointestinal Tract Pathology on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases
Саидова М.А.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of gastrointestinal (GI) tract pathologies on the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases using simulated clinical and laboratory data. The study included 200 patients divided into two groups — those with GI tract pathologies (n=100) and those without (n=100). Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatitis showed significantly higher periodontal severity index scores (PD_index 4.3 ± 2.2 vs. 3.0 ± 1.4; p < 0.01), IL-6 levels (12.2 ± 3.4 vs. 6.8 ± 2.5 pg/mL; p < 0.001), and CRP levels (4.1 ± 1.7 vs. 2.9 ± 1.4 mg/L; p < 0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between the severity of GI pathology and the extent of periodontitis (r ≈ 0.46; p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of GI pathology is an independent risk factor for severe periodontitis (OR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.25–2.80; p = 0.003).Discussion of the obtained data highlights the key pathophysiological mechanisms involved: dysbiosis of the oral and intestinal microbiota, systemic inflammation with cytokine hyperproduction, pathogen translocation, and metabolic disturbances (obesity, insulin resistance). Thus, gastrointestinal pathologies have a significant effect on the course of periodontitis, enhancing inflammatory processes and destruction of periodontal tissues.The practical significance of this study lies in the need for an interdisciplinary approach to patient management and in the potential of therapies aimed at modulating the “oral–gut axis.”
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