Innovations in Science and Technologies 3-jild 8-son (2026) · 48-58-betlar
THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Zuyeva, Oksana
Annotatsiya
The psychological contract has become an important concept in human resource management because of its influence on employee attitudes, behaviour, and organizational outcomes. Unlike a formal employment contract, it represents the implicit expectations and obligations that employees and employers hold about each other, and it rests on trust, fairness, and long-term social exchange. The aim of this paper is to establish how the type of psychological contract adopted by an organization relates to employee commitment, engagement, and retention, and to identify the human resource practices that strengthen that contract. The study was designed as an integrative literature review. Twenty-three scholarly sources published between 1960 and 2016 were selected against explicit inclusion criteria, coded by construct, driver, and direction of effect, and synthesised thematically. The results show that the literature distinguishes three operative types of contract: transactional, relational, and balanced. Relational contracts are consistently associated with higher engagement and lower turnover intention, whereas transactional contracts are associated with weaker commitment and a higher incidence of deviant behaviour. Cultural orientation emerges as the strongest contextual variable: collectivist settings favour relational contracts, individualist settings favour transactional ones. Breach of the contract reduces motivation, satisfaction, and commitment, and shifts employee attention towards monetary return. The paper concludes that organizations in collectivist environments, including Uzbekistan, should build relational contracts through transparent recruitment, fair policies, structured development pathways, and continuous dialogue. The contribution of the work lies in linking contract type, cultural context, and human resource practice within a single scheme applicable to organizational diagnosis.
psychological contract, employee commitment, organizational culture, human resource management, employee engagement, relational contract, transactional contract, contract breach, employee retention, organizational performance.
Metadata manbasi: jurnal OAI-PMH arxivi · Sindex toʻliq matnni saqlamaydi, manbaga havola beradi.