Innovation science and technologiy Volume 2 Issue 2 (2026)
INFLATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND UNEMPLOYMENT: REVISITING THE PHILLIPS AND OKUN FRAMEWORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF JOB CREATION
Zakhidov, Azizbek
Abstract
This article presents a systematic review of the theoretical and empirical literature examining the interrelationshipbetween inflation, economic growth, and unemployment within the frameworks of the Phillips Curve and Okun’s Law.The study critically reassesses these foundational macroeconomic relationships in the context of job creation and jobdestruction, with particular attention to emerging and transitional economies.The review synthesises classical, expectations-augmented, and New Keynesian interpretations of the inflation–unemployment trade-off, alongside modern extensions incorporating nonlinearity, asymmetry, and structural breaksin the growth–unemployment nexus. It evaluates how macroeconomic instability, supply shocks, policy regimes, andinstitutional characteristics influence the stability and magnitude of these relationships over time.Special attention is devoted to empirical evidence from developing and post-transition economies, where traditionallinear specifications often fail to capture labour market dynamics. The article highlights the importance of incorporatingcyclical asymmetries, business-cycle phases, and structural constraints when analysing employment responses tomacroeconomic fluctuations.Methodologically, the study adopts a structured analytical review approach, comparing theoretical propositions with crosscountryempirical findings. Job creation and job destruction are conceptualised as macroeconomically driven processesshaped not only by output dynamics but also by inflation expectations, monetary–fiscal coordination, and institutionalsettings.The contribution of the article lies in integrating the Phillips and Okun frameworks into a unified analytical perspectivethat links macroeconomic volatility to employment dynamics. By systematising existing evidence, the review provides aconceptual foundation for future empirical modelling and policy design aimed at promoting sustainable and employmentintensiveeconomic growth.
Inflation; Economic Growth; Unemployment; Phillips Curve; Okun’s Law; Job Creation; Macroeconomic Stability.
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