Innovation science and technologiy Том 2 № 5 (2026)
BALANCING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN TOURISM
Kamalova, Malika, Zufarova, Nozima
Аннотация
This article analyses the complex equilibrium between economic growth and environmentalprotection in the contemporary tourism sector, drawing on statistical data for 2023–2025. The paper examines,in a comparative framework, the global efforts to reduce the ecological footprint of the tourism industry alongsidethe specific case of Uzbekistan. Theoretical dimensions covered include ecotourism, sustainable tourism, andgreen-economy concepts, while recent data published by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), theUnited Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), and leading peer-reviewed journals are systematicallyreviewed. The Uzbekistan case reveals that the number of international tourist arrivals grew from 6.6 millionin 2023 to 11.7 million in 2025—an increase of approximately 77 per cent in two years—and assesses thecorresponding rise in environmental load. Legislative instruments adopted during this period, includingPresidential Decree PD-217 (November 2025) establishing a unified ecology-and-tourism governance body,and the installation of electric-vehicle charging stations along the Tourism Highway, are evaluated as practicalpolicy responses. The article proposes ecotourism, carrying-capacity management, green certification anddigital tourism models as complementary mechanisms for resolving the apparent paradox between growth andecological sustainability.
sustainable tourism, ecotourism, environmental protection, green economy, ecological footprint, WTTC, UNWTO, Uzbekistan tourism, tourist infrastructure, climate change, carrying capacity, green certification
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